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Garden Cities & New Towns
Explore England’s pioneering planned settlements, from Edwardian utopia to radical postwar housing schemes.
The shadow of urban neglect cast by the Industrial Revolution, the havoc wreaked by WWII, and a booming postwar population caused great upheaval in the way many working-class Britons were housed. In England, the most radical initiative was heralded by the New Towns Act 1946, which set in motion the construction or expansion of more than 20 towns across three phases, from Stevenage, designated in 1946, to Milton Keynes in 1967.
These ambitious schemes, which met with varying degrees of success, had roots in the Garden City movement, founded in 1903 by Ebenezer Howard at Letchworth, Hertfordshire, and later Welwyn Garden City (1920). Idealism played a part in the postwar towns too, but can such a thing as a model community exist in Britain?
Letchworth - Where it all started in 1903 Letchworth - Where it all started in 1903
Promotional 1952 10 mins Silent Location: Letchworth Garden City
1903 saw the launch of "First Garden City Ltd." and the purchase of development land near Hitchin. 50 years on, in Coronation year, Letchworth was worthy of another celebration.
Charley in New Town Charley in New Town
Animation & Artists Moving Image 1948 8 mins
Charley says (no, not that one) that Britain’s new towns are great
New Towns in Britain New Towns in Britain
1956 14 mins Location: Harlow
An insider's guide to 1950s Harlow made for US audiences, with architect Frederick Gibberd interviewed from the top of the Lawn tower block.
Milton Keynes - A Village City Milton Keynes - A Village City
Cinemagazine 1973 8 mins Location: Milton Keynes
"The most exciting thing going on in Europe, if not the world": welcome to Milton Keynes circa 1973.
New Towns Act New Towns Act
News 1966 3 mins Location: Stevenage
Stevenage is town planning utopia, for it boasts at least 50 - yes 50! - underpasses. Like a pro, the reporter’s enthusiasm enlivens the dry subject matter. Journeying is but a joy!
Welwyn Garden City and Surrounding District Welwyn Garden City and Surrounding District
Amateur film 1957 15 mins Silent Location: Welwyn Garden City
Picturesque tour of Welwyn, England's second Garden City. A rural-urban idyll of spacious residential areas and green community spaces. A marvel of town planning design!
Letchworth Festival Letchworth Festival
Sponsored film 1951 31 mins Silent Location: Letchworth Garden City
A May Queen pageant, Highland piping, and musical theatre. Letchworth's part in celebrating the 1951 Festival of Britain captured by the local Film Society.
Life Work of Sir Ebenezer Howard Life Work of Sir Ebenezer Howard
Non-Fiction 1928 18 mins Silent Location: Letchworth Garden City
Film obituary for Sir Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928) founder of England's Garden City Movement. Sir Howard was nicknamed 'Ebenezer Garden City Geyser' by pal George Bernard Shaw.
The Proclamation The Proclamation
Sponsored film 1952 9 mins Silent Location: Letchworth Garden City
Civic dignitaries and Letchworth locals stand elbow to elbow at a ceremony to mark the Proclamation of Queen Elizabeth II's Accession to the Throne.
Year Round Year Round
Amateur film 1939 24 mins Silent Location: Welwyn Garden City
A growing community, factory life, and nesting House Martins represent the Garden City ethos, the perfect marriage of city and nature, captured by amateur filmmaker John Chear.
Neville Chamberlain Opens New Railway Station Neville Chamberlain Opens New Railway Station
Non-Fiction 1926 4 mins Silent Location: Welwyn Garden City
Empire News Bulletin record the Conservative Minister Neville Chamberlain at Welwyn Station's official opening ceremony.
The Golden Way to Health The Golden Way to Health
Advert 1935 12 mins Location: Welwyn Garden City
Welcome to Welwyn Garden City, home of the nation's breakfast
Welwyn Garden City: A Kind of Travelogue Welwyn Garden City: A Kind of Travelogue
Amateur film 1964 18 mins Silent Location: Welwyn Garden City
A moving picture-esque pamphlett. A virtual travel brochure. Showcasing England's first Garden City, with amateur filmmaker F.J. Douglas as your tour guide.
Building of the Welwyn Department Stores Building of the Welwyn Department Stores
Amateur film 1938 16 mins Silent Location: Welwyn Garden City
No bum cleavage here! From its foundations to near-completion, construction workers - wearing flat cap and with trowel - all pull together to build the iconic Welwyn Stores.
Welwyn Garden City - The War Years Welwyn Garden City - The War Years
Amateur film 1939 15 mins Silent Location: Welwyn Garden City
A great example of ‘despite war, life continues’, Welwyn Garden City residents continue with annual traditions, festive occasions and celebrations, during wartime.
Opus One Opus One
Amateur film 1948 17 mins Silent Location: Welwyn Garden City
One of the ten winning films of 1948 awarded a 'silver plaque' by 'Amateur Cine World' magazine - a significant achievement for the makers, the Film Society of Welwyn Garden City.
Here and There Here and There
Amateur film 1954 26 mins Silent Location: Hemel Hempstead
Amateur captured Hertfordshire town centres, public gardens, market days, river journeys by boat or barge, and Whipsnade Zoo with wild animals from each corner of the globe.
Round and About (Part One) Round and About (Part One)
Amateur film 1959 20 mins Silent Location: Welwyn Garden City
Meanderers on sunny days! Capturing scenery 'round and about' Herts and Beds during the summer of 1959; the first of two amateur films with pleasing hand-created title cards.
Tour of Stevenage Tour of Stevenage
School programme and Educational film 1970 6 mins Silent Location: Stevenage
Time-lapse photography, the view from the passenger seat of a moving car travelling around Stevenage, giving a visual tour and mapping the layout of England's first New Town.
Laing News Review No.2 Laing News Review No.2
Cinemagazine 1954 28 mins Location: Carlisle
Maintaining, evolving and revolutionising the landscape on an industrial scale with one of Britain's biggest builders.
Postscript to Empire Britain in Transition Postscript to Empire Britain in Transition
Documentary 1962 53 mins Location: Isle of Dogs
What does it mean to be British in 1962? This highly controversial American documentary investigates by visiting Stevenage and the Isle of Dogs.
Focus On - Stevenage Focus On - Stevenage
Documentary 1965 14 mins Location: Stevenage
Anglia Television's 'Focus On' series looks at the Hertfordshire town of Stevenage, designated the UK’s first ‘New Town’ in August 1946.
Gunnels Wood Road / Six Hills Way Roundabout Gunnels Wood Road / Six Hills Way Roundabout
School programme and Educational film 1970 3 mins Silent Location: Stevenage
Visually hypnotic time-lapse footage of one of Stevenage's pedestrian walkways. An unintentionally experimental film sponsored by Stevenage Development Corporation.
Stevenage Comes of Age Stevenage Comes of Age
Factual TV 1967 7 mins Location: Stevenage
In the 21st year following the first New Town designation to Stevenage, Anglia TV report on the quality of life of two of its residents, also 21, London-born Russell and David.
A Milestone for Crawley A Milestone for Crawley
Amateur film 1989 44 mins Location: Crawley
Follow the construction of Crawley's new arts centre, from building site to opening night, in this remarkable and colourful documentary film from 1989.
Royal visit to Crawley Royal visit to Crawley
Amateur film 1950 8 mins Silent Location: Crawley
Crawley is about to receive a very special visitor in this film from 1950 and decks itself accordingly with flags and bunting for this special Royal occasion.
New Town Story New Town Story
Amateur film 1955 16 mins Silent Location: Crawley
A fascinating narrative film about the development of Crawley, from early days to its post-war transformation into a New Town.
New Town from Old New Town from Old
Documentary 1959 11 mins Location: Hemel Hempstead
Splendid colour film of historic Hemel Hempstead ten years after its launch as one of Britain's burgeoning New Towns.
Home of your own Home of your own
Industry sponsored film 1951 21 mins Location: Willesden
A fictional film promoting the new town of Hemel Hempstead and the way to a new life and new home for a London bricklayer and his family.
New Town from Old New Town from Old
Sponsored film 1962 13 mins Location: Hemel Hempstead
Produced by the Hemel Hempstead Development Corporation in the early 60s, this is an update on how Hemel Hempstead has grown as "one of the 8 new towns around London."
Hemel Homestead Hemel Homestead
Industry sponsored film 1957 12 mins Silent Location: Hemel Hempstead
A sales-pitch portrait of the Hertfordshire town of Hemel Hempstead, still settling into its New Town status as "the modern town in the countryside".
Harlow Development Corporation Harlow Development Corporation
Sponsored film 1949 12 mins Silent Location: Harlow
It’s 1947, and Harlow village and surrounding hamlets are soon to become Harlow 'New Town'. The film documents those pockets of rural quiet prior to its development.
The Pied Pipers of Harlow The Pied Pipers of Harlow
Performance 1965 49 mins Location: Harlow
Listen to Harlow: the new town’s musical life from orchestras and choirs to jazz and pop.
Harlow Urban District Harlow Urban District
Amateur film 1962 14 mins Silent Location: Harlow
In the early 60's a relocation was on the cards for the Post Office Central Training School. For most, a move from Staffordshire to Essex was quite a transfer - cue a film crew!
The Big Country The Big Country
Promotional 1970 16 mins Location: Newcastle upon Tyne
Tuning into the biggest consumer market for television advertising in Britain with Trident TV.
Mining Review 15th Year No. 5 Mining Review 15th Year No. 5
1962 9 mins Location: Peterlee
A visit to Peterlee, Co. Durham, plus news from Britain's coalfields.
Prospect of Skelmersdale Prospect of Skelmersdale
Documentary 1971 24 mins Location: Skelmersdale
Putting people at the forefront of planning.
Royal Visit to Skelmersdale Royal Visit to Skelmersdale
Non-Fiction 1971 3 mins Silent Location: Skelmersdale
A royal welcome for a royal visitor - the Duchess of Kent in Skelmersdale.
Streets for Walking Streets for Walking
Sponsored film 1970 4 mins Location: Southend-on-Sea
Town centre traffic is both a problem for the environment, and for pedestrians navigating the area. Essex County Planners showcase their dynamic solution to this nuisance.
Milton Keynes and the area Milton Keynes and the area
News 1968 10 mins Silent Location: Milton Keynes
Anglia TV footage of the pre-existing towns and pretty North Bucks hamlets newly incorporated into the New Town Development of Milton Keynes. For TV transmission on 28 June 1968.
Hatfield Civic Week Hatfield Civic Week
Sponsored film 1965 34 mins Silent Location: Hatfield
Dog derby and drama, Beat dancing, and Boy Scouts. New Town Hatfield becomes a hive of activity for ‘Civic Week’, a week long celebration with events programmed for young and old.
Midlands News: 20.02.1963: Redditch Vox Pops Midlands News: 20.02.1963: Redditch Vox Pops
News 1963 2 mins Location: Redditch
A cinema? Football? A swimming pool? What does Redditch need as it stands on the brink of a life changing new town development?
The New Life The New Life
Promotional 1971 17 mins Location: Telford
"A new city - your city". Telford is a different kind of new town that's not just about brick and concrete.
Telford Telford
School programme and Educational film 1977 9 mins Location: Telford
Six Shropshire villages combine and the new town of Telford is born.
Peterborough, a city fit to live in Peterborough, a city fit to live in
Documentary 1971 25 mins Location: Peterborough
After it's emergence as a new city in 1968, Peterborough enticed people to move from London with the chance to improve their quality of life. But the city's plans had to be grand!
Welcome to Washington Welcome to Washington
Amateur film 1977 12 mins Location: Washington Village
Washington locals get up close and personal with U.S. President Jimmy Carter and the Queen in the year of the Silver Jubilee.